Underground and Sublime: How the Subterranean Context of a City Embodies a Unique Spatial Experience

Underground and superb â€Å"The high picked up from such subterraneous geographic endeavor is so bally serious, there’s no interest for a challis in this wonderland. Unparalleled by anything on a superficial level degree, the dishes of the city are a sight behold.† ( Graphotism, 1999 ) Current boundless, in setting of the city and the experience of a city occupant, has been decreased to a summed up position that can be portrayed as ‘verticality’ . Gaston Bachelard ( 1969 ) presents his hypothesis on verticalness through the shared resistance of the storm cellar and the space, which in twist carries unequivocal infiltrations into the extremely unique phenomenological waies the inventiveness sees ; the House in our eyes is a concentrated structure, built with upward drive. It turns into an autonomous volume which furnishes us with a mentally solid nature. Yet, inside the house, boundless is restricted by the explanation of the Attic and the delirium of the storm cellar. On the off chance that the House fills in as an analogy for a City, the guidelines are the equivalent in that the Attic is illustrative of the reasonable assault taken to urban spacial structure. Henri Lefebvre comments in his book The Production of Space, â€Å"Verticality, and the independency of volumes with respect to the first land and it’s unmistakable highlights, are, precisely, produced† . Similarly long as we hold fast to Verticality being the cardinal hub of the urban condition, our eyes lift over the prompt explicitness of locale on which it is manufactured, following in a homogeneous constructed condition, along these lines a reflection of world. The storm cellar on the different manus, in the example ‘The Underground’ , is seen as a lost measurement, one which is characterized by deliberation, however Bachelard brings up that the phenomenology of populating a ‘cellar’ endless spots the occupant in an amicable territory with subterraneous powers and the delirium of burrowing. The situation of a city occupant on their quick condition, once populating a subterranean endless, is returned and further extended, to the point that the innovativeness is boundless inside the chief ‘dark entity’ . The paper will investigate what, why and how the subterraneous setting of a city epitomizes an alone spacial encounter through an inquiry into the Sublime. The connection of Sublime hypothesis to community foundation installed in the city obstruction will gracefully the confirmations to oppugn whether the considerations of the Sublime are pertinent, especially in the occurrence of unbounded structured without design hypothetical purposes. Would infinite be able to be all the more carefully empyreal on the off chance that it isn’t intentionally intended to be empyreal? What â€Å"Whatever is fitted in any sort to energize the musings of harming, and peril, that is to express, whatever is in any benevolent dreadful, or is recognizable about horrendous items or works in a mode reporter to fear is a start of the grand ; that is, it is gainful of the most grounded feeling the head is equipped for feeling.† ( Burke, 1990 ) Bachelard ( 1969 ) utilizes a short portrayal to elucidate his hypothesis on how subterranean unbounded abdominal muscle initio incites a feeling of fear in the theme gave by C G Jung in his book Modern Man in chase of a Soul. â€Å" Here the witting Acts of the Apostless like a grown-up male who, hearing a cautious commotion in the storm cellar, scurries to the Attic and, happening no thieves at that spot chooses, as needs be, that the clamor was unadulterated inventiveness. In world, this reasonable grown-up male did non make intense endeavor into the cellar.† The Underground is delineated as the more terrible in the looking at of raised unbounded and subterraneous interminable because of the degrees of witting thought used to apologize alarm. In which, carries us to a cardinal attribute of the Sublime. Dread is an apprehensiveness of harming or expire, hence rendering the natural structure invalidated of its forces of moving and finishing up when oppressed enter the opposition. ( Burke, 1990 ) Yet this represents a Catch 22 when we consider various situations that include the custom of come ining a subterranean boundless. In certain events, for case during wartime, grown-up male looks for the assurance of the protection from abstain from harming or perish. The sand trap viewpoint takes a figure of discernable signifiers, from which it is meriting seeing on their insufficiency of fundamental structure contemplations including solace, airing and obvious radiation. This normal air towards underground agonizing roots from the most punctual si gnifier of safe house for grown-up male, the cavern, but then even now the structure of subterranean sand traps isn’t plainly not quite the same as an obviously happening cavern, suggesting that we other than partition a feeling that all is well with the world close by trepidation. There is other than the energy of miracle, despite the fact that it is the most straightforward of our interests, which can overmaster our dreads and force us to follow the best approach to discover. â€Å"When risk or strivings press exorbitantly early, they are unequipped for giving any delectation, and are just dreadful ; yet at specific separations, and with specific modifications, they might be, and they are delightful† . ( Burke, 1990 ) In portion, it is the musings of harming that are substantially more impressive than pleasance, along these lines the contemplations of the empyreal develop through terrible experience, yet essentially our brushs bring about pleasance. The excursion attempted by human presences with the marvel to dive profound into the obscure, the stairss taken to make a completion, especially into deepnesss of the subterranean separated from any above land spacial experience as the subject is kept from about. An aching for the wellbeing of the surface shows sentiments of uneasiness and claustrophobia, which could hold edgy impacts, yet it is unequivocally this dismay in like manner creates the outrageous highs which will ever be appealing to the theme. ( Carlyle, 2000 ) Why â€Å"Adjusting to the limits of quietness and stunning clamor, splendid halls and flip dark flights of stairs and fundamentally building up an associate perception of an overly complex framework in which were one time overlooked [ go ] holes to underground frontiers.† ( Carlyle, 2000 ) The custom of voyaging subterranean totally is empyreal ; as we slip into dimness our faculties are stirred, stirred and increased. Our taking care of moment inside informations is expanded inside a kept vast, similar to the sound of a rodent rushing along the tracks of the London Underground ; the physical limits are existent, seting the faculties under staggering accentuation, go forthing the inventiveness to enlarge into the overwhelming dimness bring oning a solid feeling of dismay over regularly undistinguished occasions. †When we know the full degree of any peril, when we habituate our eyes to it, an incredible exchange of the apprehensiveness vanishes.† ( Burke, 1990 ) These all being culminations of our human instinct, we are nonvoluntary with these impacts which in all features are connected to Sublime Theory. Edmund Burke in his book A Philosophic Enquiry into the Beginning of our Ideas on the Sublime and the Beautiful, the particular highlights of the wonderful are set out in parts and development clear uping the hypothesis of our interests and their real sourced. According to design, he supplies brief course and audit of the idea of empyreal unbounded, yet it is the immediate individual experience and emotions he depicts, the start of the heavenly, which I attempt to contrast and the phenomenology of Underground boundless. â€Å"Stepping outside our prearranged traffic frames and built up finishs, we discover a city bound with liminality, with outskirt areas cutting over its chest and making into its sky. We locate a 1000 vanishing focuses, every one of a kind, each alive, each pregnant with riches and admirations and time.† ( Cook, 2009 ) Advancement has brought a gigantic covert black market into city degrees, jumbled with wrestling transport burrows, media transmission lines, the mail rail, sand traps and vaults. Which are all uncovered from the Earth, falling into dimness, off from any start of common noticeable radiation, which brings about that all light is unnaturally subbed. Shadows immerse unbounded, making these vanishing focuses that Michael Cook, a urban globe-trotter who runs the site Vanishing Point, discusses in Geoff Manaugh’s The BLDG BLOG Book. The evaporating point other than alludes to a state of forever, which in Sublime footings alludes to a scrumptious repulsiveness. After looking down a movement burrow, in subterranean city engineering, there is no light lighting the terminal, there is just murkiness, which presents the pheonomenon of time everlasting, hence our inventiveness is allowed to broaden to our frenzy, or pleasance. Thoughts can repeat in our mind about vastly, as â€Å"if you hold up a back to back post, with your oculus to one terminal, it will look reached out to a length about incredible.† ( Burke, 1990 ) So despite the fact that the existent elements of a subterranean passage understand claustrophobia, they other than grasp monstrosity in the top of the item, non simply through the similarity to forever however next to the perception of the confounded framework that they possess. Now, the passage and the flight appear to be strange, however the outcome of time everlasting on the creativity changes harming to pleasance. Significance of the measurement powerfully affects the wonderful, especially in thought to design. However, it tends to be seen from numerous points of view, a lot of them restricting. For representation Norberg-Schulz in his book Genius Loci depicts â€Å"The Mountain, in this manner, has a place with the Earth, however it ascends toward the sky. It is ‘high’ , it is near heaven† , and the astronomical connection it has in association Eden and Earth, meaning that the momentous graduated t

The Chaldean Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II

The Chaldean Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II Name: Nabã »-kudurri-uåÿur in Akkadian (implies Nabã » secure my youngster) or NebuchadnezzarImportant Dates: r. 605-562 B.C.Occupation: Monarch Specialty Demolished the sanctuary of Solomon and began the Babylonian Captivity of the Hebrews. Lord Nebuchadnezzar II was the child of Nabopolassar (Belesys, to Hellenistic essayists), who originated from the Marduk-venerating Kaldu clans living in the outrageous southern piece of Babylonia. Nabopolassar began the Chaldean time frame (626-539 B.C.) by reestablishing Babylonian autonomy, following the fall of the Assyrian Empire in 605. Nebuchadnezzar was the most well known and significant lord of the Second Babylonian (or Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean) Empire, which tumbled to the Persian extraordinary ruler Cyrus the Great in 539 B.C. Achievements of Nebuchadnezzar II Nebuchadnezzar renovated old strict landmarks and improved waterways, as other Babylonian rulers had done. He was the main Babylonian lord to administer Egypt, and controlled a domain that stretched out to Lydia, however his most popular achievement was his castle - a spot utilized for managerial, strict, stately, just as private purposes particularly the amazing Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the 7 miracles of the old world. Babylon, as well, lies in a plain; and the circuit of its divider is 300 and eighty-five stadia. The thickness of its divider is thirty-two feet; the tallness thereof between the towers is fifty cubits;9 that of the towers is sixty ​cubits; and the section on the divider is with the end goal that four-horse chariots can without much of a stretch pass each other; and it is on this record this and the hanging garden are called one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Strabo Geography Book XVI, Chapter 1There were in it likewise a few counterfeit shakes, that had the likeness of mountains; with nurseries of a wide range of plants, and a sort of hanging garden suspended noticeable all around by a most honorable creation. This was to satisfy his better half, who, being brought operation in Media, among the slopes, and in the natural air, discovered alleviation from such a prospect.Thus composes Berosus [c. 280 B.C.] regarding the king....Josephus In Answer to Appion Book II Building Projects The Hanging Gardens were on a porch bolstered by block curves. Nebuchadnezzars building ventures included encompassing his capital city with a twofold divider 10-miles in length with an intricate passage called the Ishtar Gate. 3] On the top, along the edges of the divider, they fabricated places of a solitary room, confronting one another, with space enough between to drive a four-horse chariot. There are a hundred entryways in the circuit of the divider, the entirety of bronze, with posts and lintels of the same.Herodotus The Histories Book I.179.3These dividers are the citys external protective layer; inside them there is another encompassing divider, close to as solid as the other, yet narrower.Herodotus The Histories Book I.181.1 He likewise manufactured a port on the Persian Gulf. Triumphs Nebuchadnezzar vanquished the Egyptian Pharaoh Necho at Carchemish in 605. In 597, he caught Jerusalem, ousted King Jehoiakim, and put Zedekiah on the seat. Many driving Hebrew families were banished right now. Nebuchadnezzar crushed the Cimmerians and Scythians [see Tribes of the Steppes] and afterward turned west, once more, vanquishing Western Syria and devastating Jerusalem, including the Temple of Solomon, in 586. He put down a resistance under Zedekiah, whom he had introduced, and banished progressively Hebrew families. He took the occupants of Jerusalem prisoner and carried them to Babylon, for which reason this period in Biblical history is alluded to as the Babylonian imprisonment. Otherwise called: Nebuchadnezzar the GreatAlternate Spellings: Nabu-kudurri-usur, Nebuchadrezzar, Nabuchodonosor Extra Resources Hotspots for Nebuchadnezzar incorporate different books of the Bible (e.g., Ezekial and Daniel) and Berosus (Hellenistic Babylonian essayist). His many structure ventures give archeological record, remembering composed records of his achievements for the region of respecting the divine beings with sanctuary upkeep. Official records give basically dry, point by point account. Sources Seat of Kingship/A Wonder to Behold: The Palace as Construct in the Ancient close to East, by Irene J. Winter; Ars Orientalis Vol. 23, Pre-Modern Islamic Palaces (1993), pp. 27-55.Nebuchadnezzar King of Justice, by W. G. Lambert; Iraq Vol. 27, No. 1 (Spring, 1965), pp. 1-1Images of Nebuchadnezzar: the development of a ​legend,, by Ronald Herbert Sack

Effective Use of Imagery in William Blake’s The Lamb and Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s A Very Old Man Wi :: William Blake Lamb Essays

Viable Use of Imagery in William Blake’s The Lamb and Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings Boats as large as voyage ships/Glide nimbly over the sea's smooth surface. Have you at any point perused a bit of writing and seen it as tremendously fulfilling because of the huge measure of depictions utilized by either the writer or the writer? As the initial line shows what's going on at the sea shore, the peruser can truly become more acquainted with what the creator is attempting to clarify. These depictions are alluded to as symbolism. Symbolism is utilized to give a definite depiction of an individual, spot, or thing. In the short story, A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings, by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and in the sonnet, The Lamb, by William Blake, both, creator and artist, use symbolism to portray to their crowd their own view of a heavenly attendant. In the story, A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings, Marquez first tells the peruser that, the fallen body with quiet trance (828), was a holy messenger by composing that he, was unable to get up, blocked by his gigantic wings (828). A lot of the present social orders first starting idea of a man with wings are to accept that this individual is a holy messenger. Individuals have a wide range of convictions of what a blessed messenger should resemble. Marquez, not needing his perusers to wander away from what his very own perspective on a blessed messenger in this story, utilizes symbolism to explain his impression of the holy messenger. Marquez takes note of that the holy messenger has an, unlimited tongue with a solid mariner's voice, he was dressed like a ragpicker, immense vulture wings, grimy and half-culled, just a couple of blurred hairs on his uncovered skull and not many teeth in his mouth, and in all likelihood the most critical, his sad state of a soaked incredible granddad ha d removed any feeling of loftiness he may have had (828). Without the last subtleties of the blessed messenger, the peruser would have the chance to utilize whatever they will in general accept and heavenly attendant is. Marquez sets up the portrayal of the blessed messenger to empower the peruser to comprehend why the townspeople may have regarded the holy messenger as they had, as though he weren't an otherworldly animal however a carnival creature (829). In the sonnet, The Lamb, Blake utilizes symbolism to clarify the way the, Little Lamb (Line 1), resembles.

Light Weight Material for Automobile Essay

General fragment vehicle with light weight compounds and metal network composites 1. 1 Analysis A car is a solitary greatest polluter, as outflows from a huge number of vehicles include. As engine vehicles have been immense wellsprings of contamination for the world since the most recent hundred years, the significant vehicle organizations and market see benefit by acquainting some new innovations with diminish emanation and conveying best answers for clients. One of the significant purposes behind emanation is weight of the vehicle. As weight builds carbon emanation increments and eco-friendliness diminishes. Both similarly diminish client discernments. Present market fights to lessen carbon discharges and to satisfy client requests for profoundly eco-friendly vehicles. As the above articulation is top need in present market and coming future, metallic pieces of a general section vehicle will be supplanted by light weight amalgams by coming decades. Anyway huge cost difficulties are there for utilizing light weight materials from assembling procedure to end life cycle. Sagaciously handling of this cost will be the way to showcase applications. 1. 2Strategic sense which assists with making light weighting vehicles Global warming, worldwide fuel costs and fuel requests are setting off to a basic circumstance, which makes human to think on the other hand. As more fuel utilizes, more CO2 produces. In the event that lion's share of vehicles made by prepares are supplanted by lightweight vehicles, it will diminish the worldwide fuel needs. As this activity makes awesome favorable circumstances to world, it will get a great deal of co-activity from different enterprises governments and political frameworks. Innovatively and monetarily there are a ton of difficulties and things to be finished. Much R&D attempts to do. Directly from material determination, item configuration, process configuration, producing techniques, joining strategies all must be update for set up associations. It is a major test. 1. 3 Initiatives taken to make light weighting vehicles To accomplish a light weight structures, without bargaining inflexibility auto engineers have been investigating the supplanting of steel with plastics, aluminum and magnesium. Utilizing of cutting edge material for decreasing weight is the most economical approach to diminish vitality utilization and carbon outflows. It is discovered that; * For each 10% weight decrease in weight of a vehicle will result in 5% - 7% upgrades in eco-friendliness. * For each kilogram of weight decrease of a vehicle will bring about the decrease of carbon dioxide about 20kg. [1] 1. 4 Weight sparing and relative expense for light weight material Figure 1. 1 Relative material properties and cost [2]. Significant key variables while utilizing propelled light weight materials are manufacturability, cost and joining forms. Yet, as necessity is the mother of creation, manufacturability of aluminum and its composite’s will get simpler and conservative by coming years. Diverse assembling strategies are there to frame aluminum into wanted shape. 1. 5 Vehicle Case Study Super light Car Project: Figure 1. 2 Light weight materials, a vehicle contextual investigation [3] The goal of this task was to make a creative thought by multi-material and light weight structure. This task demonstrated that, BIW board structure weight can decrease by 30%, multi material assembling with diminished cost, recyclability and supportability of light weight materials. This undertaking was a benchmark execution by joined endeavor of numerous parts and seven vehicle produces (counting Volkswagen and Volvo), 10 providers, 10 R&D organizations and seven colleges. The last item was a blend of various materials and a wide scope of joining advancements. The figure 1. 2 shows the advantages, that Super Light Project accomplished.

Nando’s SWOT analysis Essay

1. SWOT examination of Nadon a) Strength 1. Famous Global chain with more than 750 cafés in more than 40 nations 2. Nandos’ Flame Grilled Peri Chicken is accepted to be special and the best on the planet. Can pick fiery level. 3. Nando’s chicken are considered as sound alongside the unrivaled taste too 4. Franchisee model has permitted Nando’s to grow quickly in worldwide markets 5. Sensible valuing for quality item b) Weakness 1. Absence of showcasing exercises and since that a low neighborhood acknowledgment. Low brand perceivability 2. Outright spotlight on Chicken diminishes the inflow of old client. Powerless R&D. 3. Parent organization IRL’s money related difficulty lessens the extension plans of Nando’s across Indian Market c) Opportunity 1. Improve with new things and market them also alongside Chicken 2. Lodging Industry is determined to develop in twofold digit figures, which presents a critical chance to Nandos 3. Online Market d) Threat 1. Serious rivalry from other global player in Singapore advertise. 2. Development in number of players is more than the development of the interest itself and it will prompt further rivalry and diminish generally speaking benefit of the business Discussing best barbecued chicken on the planet, Nando’s Peri-Peri chicken must be perhaps the most grounded contender. After the organization was established in 1987, Nando’s has just worked 1000 outlets in 24 nations across 5 mainlands and contributed US$650 million of benefit in 2012. With its worldwide notoriety and experience working establishment in abroad, the organization can without much of a stretch duplicate and bring their thought into Singapore advertise. To be accepted the world’s best and extraordinary flame broiled chicken dish, Nando’s signature dish Peri-Peri chicken is all around perceived by its unique assortment of bean stew sauce including lemon and herb, Mango and Lime, medium, hot and extra hot. All Nando’s chicken is Red Tractor guaranteed, having satisfied high guidelines of sanitation, creature government assistance and ecological security. This implies the chicken isn't just delectable, yet in addition sheltered and sound. Not just chicken dishes are mainstream in Nando’s, an assortment of new food will be additionally every now and again refreshed with burgers, pitas, plates of mixed greens, wings and wraps (espetada as model). Popular â€Å"Corn on the cob† isn't just normally scrumptious yet additionally happy with an amazed low valuing. More or less, Nando’s item is considered as sound alongside the unrivaled taste and the sensible evaluating, which as a rule costs S$20-30 for every feast for each individual, makes their item particularly moderate to middle low salary client who adds to most of the general public. Looking at the company’s size of universal system, be that as it may, the promoting exercises are appeared not as solid as it ought to be in Singapore nearby market. As per a study led by NUS understudies in 2013, the nearby acknowledgment of marking of Nando’s is a lot of lower than its general rivals including Aston Catering, TCC cafã ©. A portion of the assessor even idea Nando’s was a Mexico food brand that sells tacos. Likewise discussing Nando’s dishes, concentrating on chicken as its solitary signature and lacking of advancement underway line will at long last outcome in loss of enthusiasm from client. Despite the fact that endeavors were placed in for new item improvement, the result despite everything stays far fetched in whether new mark can arrive at the present level where the chicken dishes are holding. Other than making chicken as the fundamental course in just 4 decisions †quarter, half, entire chicken and chicken bosom, the Research and Development Department †R&D has shockingly not contributed any new signature dishes among such a significant number of decisions that are accessible †meat, fish or pork. The wear R&D execution will at long last lead to out-dated creation line and customer’s desire won't be fulfilled which regarding misfortune in business. In any case, it is never past the point where it is possible to change and get into the correct heading. Advancement can be made among a few of meat and fish; even the vegetable could be an incredible decision and transform into â€Å"Must-order† things forâ vegi-sweethearts. Ensure the menu is refreshed with new things in certain period and disposal of fruitless dishes which can help in sparing pointless expenses. Therefore, the organization will have the option to pull in new client just as keep up bring business back. What’s more, with the blasting of online business and progressively advance innovation, internet booking will be certainly another chance to step in. As indicated by another examination from Nielsen, a main worldwide supplier of data and experiences into what shoppers watch and purchase, worldwide consumers’ purpose to purchase food and refreshments online expanded 44 percent in two years, with more than one-quarter (26%) of worldwide respondent s detailing they intended to buy food and drink items by method of a gadget with Internet get to, for example, a PC, cell phone or tablet, in the following three to a half year. Henceforth, Online Delivery benefits both customer’s advantageous experience and the online piece of the pie also. Simultaneously however, a ton of quick burger joints has just ventured into online markets like Pizza Hut, KFC, PastaMania and YOSHINOYA. Working a very long time with nearby online food conveyance stage, the contenders appear to have a more grounded inclusion and availability to the neighborhood online customers. Besides, the development in number of players in Singapore is more than the development of the interest itself and it will prompt further rivalry and decrease in general gainfulness of the business. Basically, Nando’s has a solid marking and item esteem which will prompt benefits just once the right promoting approaches is continued. What's more, the organization must comprehend the significance of keeping their item improved so as to keep up the new just as bring business back. With the blasting of online business, Nando’s now can channel their item to client in an increasingly helpful and good manner. Simultaneously, the organization needs to understand that the opposition has never been simpler to surpass those existed organization that gave online conveyance administration since years back.

I didnt get the decision I wanted. What now COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

I didnt get the decision I wanted. What now COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Decisions for Fall 2019 were recently released for Columbia SIPA, so by now you should know your SIPA admissions decision. I’m sure you went through a mix of emotions before and after checking your status page. Whatever decision you received, here are some things that waitlisted candidates, and those who weren’t granted admission, should know going forward. Reapply to SIPA I’m putting this at the top of the list, because you applied to SIPA for a reason, and our community is made of committed candidates, students, alum, faculty, and prospective students like you. If you didn’t get the admission decision you were hoping for, we wholeheartedly encourage you to reapply to SIPA. As a reapplicant, you will go by the same deadlines, fees and requirements as first-time applicants. A benefit is that you may reapply using the personal statement, reference letters, test scores and transcripts from this year’s application. As the essay questions change every year, you should submit new ones (and possibly new recommendation letters).  When next year’s application goes live in mid-August 2019, email us at  sipa_admission@columbia.edu  with “Reapplicant Request to Use Past Materials for  Your Name” in the subject line and specify which of your materials you want to reuse. Details on reapplying to SIPA are here, and my piece of admissions advice for reapplicants is to take a critical look at your application and compare it against What We Look For. Looking at your application, maybe you’ll notice that your work experience isn’t quite relevant to what you want to study at SIPA. Maybe you’ll notice that you have no evidence of your quantitative skills in your application. This will help you focus on what you can work to shore up before the next application opens, like requesting quantitatively-heavy projects at work or taking an macroeconomics or microeconomics course. The Waitlist Admissions at SIPA is competitive, and our waitlisted candidates showed promise. While seats are limited and went to more competitive candidates, some of you will move to the admitted students list over the next few months. SIPA does not rank the waitlist.  Since the waitlist is not ranked, and the entire admissions process is holistic and reactive to the applicants we receive, it will take some time for the waitlist decisions to come out. You should know that we look over the waitlist starting in May and will release final decisions for waitlisted candidates over the summer. If you’re an international student, you’ll still have time to apply for a visa â€" just make sure you don’t procrastinate the process once you’re admitted. Please do not email to ask if your status has changed. We promise that we have not forgotten about you, we’re just unable to provide periodic updates on your standing. Please only contact us if you have a specific request about your waitlist application, like updating your application or removing it from consideration. Waitlisted applicants can send in updated test scores and transcripts.  I want to emphasize that we’ll only review new supplemental materials so you can keep us updated on your academic and professional pursuits. If you’ve retaken the GRE/GMAT or TOEFL/IELTS/PTE, or you’ve taken or completed additional quantitative coursework, you can send that information to  sipa_admission@columbia.edu  by June 1. Make sure you include the documents, your name and application number, and the subject line “Supplemental Waitlist Materials from  Your Name”  in the email. And because you want us to be happy, please send it all at once, and not piecemeal. You can remove yourself from consideration for admission  by emailing us at with your name and application number and letting us know that you’d like to be removed from consideration. Requesting Feedback Due to the volume of applications we receive, we cannot offer individual feedback. However, we recommend you review  What We Look For  in applications, and  common feedback suggestions for applicants. “Can I appeal an admissions decision?” No â€" all decisions are final. The Admissions Committee reviews each application thoroughly and with great care; as such, there is not an appeals process. Thank Yous Chances are that you talked to a lot of people during the application process, from your recommenders to SIPA students and alumni, and perhaps even faculty. No matter the outcome, you should thank them all for their help. They invested time and effort into your future, and I’m sure they’re curious on how things turned out. Even if you weren’t admitted, this can lead to an opportunity for advice from someone with a different perspective, or suggestions on strengthening your application for next year. Our Thanks to You On behalf of the entire Admissions Committee, I want to thank you for your effort. We all got to know you through your application materials and it was an  honor to read about your achievements and ambitions for the future. If you ultimately decide to decline your admissions offer, remove yourself from the waitlist, or  won’t  reapply next year, please  know that  we hope you’ll continue to develop your academic and professional experience for whatever your future might hold. I sincerely wish you all the best in your future endeavors.

Too Many College Applications

Too Many College Applications November 17 There is indeed a such thing as submitting too many college applications, as a New York Times article illustrates. Is there a such thing as submitting too many college applications, you ask? There was an article a couple of days ago in The New York Times entitled Applications by the Dozen, as Anxious Seniors Hedge College Bets written by Ariel Kaminer that we figured wed bring to the attention of our readers. Featured in the article is a high school senior named Alex Velora who submitted 18 applications way ahead of schedule. Figuring that wasnt enough, she decided to send in 11 more. Thats right. In all, Ms. Velora submitted 29 applications. So what do you think that we at Ivy Coach have to say to that? Its good, right? Shes improving her odds of admission by spreading out, by applying to so many schools, right? Wrong, wrong, wrong. Submitting applications to 29 schools is absolutely absurd. But we cant say it any better than a director of college counseling at a school in Texas, Marie Bigham said, as quoted in The New York Times:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"You can’t be a competitive, strong applicant without demonstrating interest, and you can’t do that at 25 schools. Ms. Bigham is absolutely right. Think about it like this. You go on 29 dates. How can you possibly keep up with all of the text messaging that ensues or doesnt ensue after your dates? How can you keep track of the biographical information of all of your dates? How can you even remember their names? Quite simply, you cant. Youre not going to find your Prince Charming by going on 29 dates back to back. Thats just foolish if you ask us. And the same rule applies to highly selective college admission. Highly selective colleges want students who want them. You cant possibly write 29 Why College essays that have any specificity about the college. Thats right that essay about Penns  beautiful campus cannot be submitted to Yale. Top colleges know when you simply replace the word Penn with Yale. Youre not fooling anybody. Not even yourself. And how can you visit all of these schools? How can you possibly convincingly lead highly selective colleges to believe that theyre really your first choice? You cant. Ms. Velora made a major mistake and a bigger mistake was having her mistake be featured in The New York Times. Now all of the colleges she applied to all 29 of them know theyre not particularly special to her. And, needless to say, shes not special to them.